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The Golden Hill Ridge. The Golden Hill Ridge Great Wall is in the boundary of Miyun County in Beijing and Luanping County in Hebei. It is named after its seat in the big and small Golden Hills. The section is a most representative engineering of the Great Wall. It is located in a precipitous terrain with an open field of vision. Because it is in the periphery of the Capital, the construction was put into a large number of money and material resources. The Great Wall of the section was all built with strong slab as its foundation, the upper part with grey bricks outside. The rampart is 5 to 8 meters high, the bottom and the top 6 and 5 meters wide respectively. In the rampart there are watching holes and shooting holes, and emplacements were constructed on it. At the bottom of the inner side of the rampart there are arched doors, most of which are near the watch tower. In the outer side of the rampart there are holes for casting stone missiles. There are many passes along the section that were convenient for defenders to patrol outside and fight against the enemy, and also for communications inside and outside the Great Wall.
A great feature of the Golden Hill Ridge Great Wall is that hollow watch towers are densely located. There would be a watch tower in every 100 some meters generally. On some complicated terrains, the distance would be reduced to over 50 meters. The average height of the watch tower is over 10 meters with different sizes. In the walls of the watch tower there are arrow windows, the number of which was decided by the size of the watch tower. Small ones have 2 to 3 arrow windows, and big ones have 4 to 5. Outside the upper floor there were built battlements inside which there are constructions called ‘Loulu’ or ‘Pufang’ (a movable wooden watchtower).
