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Huangyaguan. The Huangyaguan Great Wall was an important pass in Ji Town of the Ming Great Wall. It is 28 kilometers to the north of Ji County in Tianjin. The construction started in the Northern Qi Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty it was repaired, and had the Chief Pass, the Water Pass and two ramparts sideward extending from the pass city. Cliffs to the east of the pass city is covered with yellow brown rocks that will keep shining gold in the setting sun. The spectacular scene has brought it a beautiful name ‘the Yellow Cliff in the dusk’, hence the name of Huangyaguan (the yellow cliff pass).
Huangyaguan was built along the terrain, and is an irregular rectangle. The western part of the southern rampart is protruding to the south. With a field measurement the perimeter of the pass city is 890 meters. The longest part from north to south is less than 270 meters. The widest part form east to west is more than 200 meters. The pass city has four pairs of city gate to the four directions. On the southern city gate there inlayed a white marble tablet of ‘Huangyakouguan’. On the northern gate the tablet is ‘Huangyazhengguan’; on the rampart there built the Beijige (the North Pole Pavilion), also called ‘Xuanwumiao’ (the Temple of the Northern sky God). For intensifying the defensive capability, in the middle of the pass city there set up a partition wall from north to south. The pass city is also called ‘the Eight Diagrams City’. Most streets and lanes in the city were designed in the shape of ‘T’. Even if the streets and lanes are straight, they would be deliberately bent for the street battle.
